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Renal rehabilitation therapy can effectively improve the ability of daily living activities, muscle strength, balance and coordination of elderly patients with chronic kidney disease, reduce the risk of falls, ameliorate depression and cognitive function, and thereby enhance the quality of life.Although renal rehabilitation for elderly patients with chronic kidney disease in China started late, it has broad application prospects.This paper summarizes implementation strategies of renal rehabilitation for the elderly with chronic kidney disease, aiming to explore a safer and more effective renal rehabilitation model for elderly patients with chronic kidney disease.
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As the mechanism underlying glucose metabolism regulation by oxymatrine is unclear, this study investigated the effects of oxymatrine on pyroptosis in INS-1 cells. Flow cytometry was employed to examine cell pyroptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cell pyroptosis was also investigated via transmission electron microscopy and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Protein levels were detected using western blotting and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The caspase-1 activity and DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 protein (Nrf2) were also assessed. In the high glucose and high fat-treated INS-1 cells (HG + PA), the caspase-1 activity and LDH content, as well as Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, Gsdmd-N, caspase-1, apoptosis-associated specklike protein containing a CARD, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels were increased. Moreover, P65 protein levels increased in the nucleus but decreased in the cytoplasm. Oxymatrine attenuated these effects and suppressed high glucose and high fat-induced ROS production. The increased levels of nuclear Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the HG + PA cells were further elevated after oxymatrine treatment, whereas cytoplasmic Nrf2 and Keleh-like ECH-associated protein levels decreased. Additionally, the elevated transcriptional activity of p65 in HG + PA cells was reduced by oxymatrine, whereas that of Nrf2 increased. The results indicate that the inhibition of pyroptosis in INS-1 cells by oxymatrine, a key factor in its glucose metabolism regulation, involves the suppression of the NF-κB pathway and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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@#Tuberculosis(TB)treatment is currently falling into a gigantic dilemma-particularly with the increased frequentcy TB resistance, so the development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs is imperative and has received extensive attention. In the past decade, significant progress has been made in this field. Bedaquiline, delamanid and pretomanid have been approved for the clinical use. In addition, many other drugs and combination protocols are undergoing clinical trials. This review focuses on the new chemical entities for TB treatments from multiple perspectives, including the mechanisms of action, in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical results. Anti-tuberculosis drug research is prospected to provide a reference for drug deve-lopment.
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BACKGROUND@#The incidence of lung cancer is increasing annually. Clinicians pay special attention to lung tests during physical examinations. Due to the popularity of low-dose computed tomography, not only can lung cancer be diagnosed early, but physical examinations often reveal the presence of pulmonary nodules, an important health issue that cannot be ignored. Patients with pulmonary nodules are prone to adverse emotions such as anxiety and depression. Many studies have shown that patients with emotional disorders have immune system dysfunction and changes in inflammation levels. This study aimed to investigate the changes in anxiety, depression, the ratios of T helper cells 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and inflammation levels in patients with pulmonary nodules.@*METHODS@#A total of 143 subjects from The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were included from April 2019 to July 2019. All of the subjects were assessed with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Overall, 40 cases were healthy controls (HC) and 103 cases were patients with pulmonary nodules. The patients were divided into two groups according to the scale scores: 62 cases in a non-anxiety and non-depression (NAD) group and 41 cases in an anxiety and/or depression (AD) group. The percentage of Th17 and Tregs in the peripheral blood and inflammatory factors in the serum were detected. The absolute Th17 cell counts were calculated and the differences between the groups and correlations between these indicators were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#There were statistically significant differences in the percentage of Th17 cells, the absolute counts of Th17 and Th17/Treg cells, and the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) among three groups (all P0.05). The previously described indicators had no significant correlation with the severity of anxiety and depression (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the percentage of Tregs or levels of IL-4 and IL-10 between the groups (all P>0.05). The proportion of anxiety and/or depression in female patients with pulmonary nodules was higher than that in males (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Patients with pulmonary nodules are prone to varying degrees of anxiety and depression, which leads to immune dysfunction and low-grade inflammation.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of clinical pharmacists participating in the drug therapy for the patients with severe bronchial asthma complicated with diabetes. Methods:Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment process for one patient with severe bronchial asthma complicated with diabetes. Pharmacists analyzed and intervened the therapeutic regimen, performed pharma-ceutical care and provided pharmacy education. Results:The suggestions of treatment and care proposed by clinical pharmacists were a-dopted by clinics. The pharmaceutical care performed by clinical pharmacists could contribute to the disease control and the reduction of the incidence of adverse reactions. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists can use their pharmaceutical knowledge to provide individual-ized pharmaceutical care and play an important role in improving the safety and efficacy of medication.
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Objective To evaluate GGT in combination with B ultrasound for the diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) infants suffering from obstructive jaundice.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 69 sick infants including 55 BAs and 14 non-BAs as identified by intraoperative cholangiography.The preoperative laboratory GGT and ultrasound data were collected and analyzed.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy were compared.Results BA patients had significantly higher GGT than Non-BA patients (t =-4.164,P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy of GGT ＞ 306 U/L were 69.1％,92.9％,97.4％,43.3％,73.9％,respectively.In BA group,abnormal gallbladder was significantly associated with proadening portal vein,broadening hepatic artery compared with Non-BA patients (x2 =9.995,P ＜0.05).The accuracy of abnormal gallbladder on ultrasound was 78.3％.When two method combined for the diagnosis of BA,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value were 92.7％,92.9％,98.1％ and 76.5％ and accuracy can reach 92.8％.Conclusions For obstructive jaundice infants with GGT ＞ 306 U/L and abdominal gallbladder ultrasound finding intraoperative cholangiography should be carried out to make definite diagnosis of BA.
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Objective To investigate the expression and significance of integrin αvβ8, p38 and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) proteins, which are TGF-β1 pathway related regulatory protein, in liver fibrosis of children with biliary atresia (BA). Methods Fifteen cases of BA (Kasai group) and 10 cases of congenital biliary dilatation (CBD group) were collected in Tianjin Children’s Hospital. And liver biopsy specimens were collected in Tianjin first central hospital, including 10 cases of BA children who underwent liver transplantation due to liver failure after Kasai operation (liver transplantation group). The specimens of front part of the right lobe of the liver were taken for HE and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The expressions ofαvβ8, p38 and ERK1/2 in liver were observed by IHC staining in three groups of liver tissues. Results HE staining showed fibroblast hyperplasia occasionally in CBD group, portal area expansion, fibrous tissue proliferation and wide spread bridging fibrosis with few pseudo lobules in Kasai group. In transplantation group, portal area was widened, the degree of fibrosis was severe and bridging fibrosis generally formed resulted in pseudo lobules widely. Imunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of αvβ8 and ERK1/2 were weakly positive, and the expression of p38 was negative in CBD group. In Kasai group, the expressions of αvβ8, p38 and ERK1/2 proteins were all strongly positive in liver cytoplasm, biliary epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cell cytoplasm. In liver transplantation group the expressions of αvβ8, p38 and ERK1/2 proteins were all strongly positive. The semi-quantitative analysis showed that the expressions levels of αvβ8, p38 and ERK1/2 were significantly higher in Kasai and liver transplantation groups than those of CBD group (P0.05). Conclusion The expressions ofαvβ8, p38 and ERK1/2 are gradually increased in liver of BA with the process of fibrosis, which indicate that they may be involved in the process of BA liver fibrosis.
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Cholangitis is one of the most common complications after Kasai operation in children with biliary atresia (BA), whose precise etiology is still unclear. The occurrence of cholangitis may be the results of concurrent effects of various factors such as the structural change of intrahepatic bile duct or insufficient volume of bile flow. The diagnosis for cholangitis is based on clinical manifestations nowadays, and combined therapies including antibiotics, steroids and hepatoprotectants have been used empirically. The prophylaxis and treatment of postoperative cholangitis is the key to improve the liver survival of biliary atresai patients. Only by figuring out the etiology of cholangitis that we can prevent it and make sure the long-term survival of BA patients.
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Objective To observe the clinical effects and safety of Angongniuhuang Pill (a traditional Chinese medical preparation)adjuvant to haloperidol for the treatment of Intensive Care Unit (ICU)patients in postoperative delirium.Methods A prospective study of 243 postoperative patients with delirium adimitted in Intensive Care Unit of Xinjiang Medical University First Affiliated Hospital (January 2013-December 2014),by using confusion assessment method of Intensive Care Unit (CAMICU).All of 243 patients with delirium were randomly divided into two groups by computer randomization software (SAS 9.1):group A in which patients were treated with Angongniuhuang Pill adjuvant to haloperidol and group Fin which patiets were treated with haloperidol alone.The end of two intervention methods was determined by two consecutive CAMICU showing negative or the treatment were ended up at seven days treatment.The data of general information,and the results of treatment were recorded and analized by statistical software SPSS 19.0.The measurement data was expressed as mean ±standard deviation;the comparision between two groups was tested by t test;and repeated measurement was analised by variance.Count data was described as number and constitution ratio;and intergroup comparision was tested by Chi-square test. Results There was no significant difference in general information between two groups.The delirium duration and ICU treatment time in group A were shorter than those in group F [(3.0 ±0.9)d vs.(3.8 ±1.0) d,P =0.010; (6.2 ± 1.4) d vs.(6.7 ± 1.5) d,P = 0.008].When delirium was diagnosed (T0),all patients had EEG abnormalities.As treatment went on,EEG abnormal rate gradually declined.At day one (T1),there was no statistically significant difference in EEG findings between group A and group F (95.7% vs.97.5%,P = 0.045 ).At day two (T2 )and day three (T3 ),there was statistically significant difference in EEG findings between group A and group F (65.5% vs.77.7%,P =0.038;42.2% vs.56.2%,P = 0.032).The levels of S100βprotein,interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)in two groups at T0 were all elevated without noticeable difference.These markers were all deceased at T1,T2,T3,but the speed of descend in group A was relatively faster than that in group F.The differences were statistically significant (S100β:time effect P <0.01,inter-group effectp =0.002,interaction effectp =0.686;IL-6:time effect P <0.01,inter-group effectp =0.034,interaction effectp =0.01;TNF-α:time effect P <0.01,inter-group effectp =0.003,interaction effectp =0.516). The discharge rate in group A after improvement of general condition was higher than that in group F (89.7% vs.79.3%,P =0.029).The incidence of postoperative complications and mortality 28 days after operation in group A were lower than those in group F (45.7% vs.58.7%P =0.045;12.9% vs. 24.0%,P =0.028).Conclusion During the treatment of delirium,Angongniuhuang pill adjuvant to haloperidol was a better method compared with using haloperidol alone in respect of effectiveness and safety perspectives.It may be a novel approach to the treatment for delirium by the combination of Chinese and Western medicine.
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Biliary atresia (BA), an inflammatory sclerosing cholangiopathy, is the leading cause of cholestasis in infants. Pathologic features of BA include progressive inflammation and intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct fibrosis. BA is charac?terized by rapid liver fibrosis. The activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is most important in liver fibrosis. Many mecha?nisms are involved in this process. miRNA can promote the activation of HSC through a variety of signaling pathways by regu?lating the expression of target gene, then playing a regulatory role in the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM). A lot of literatures show that PI3K/Akt is closely related to the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the activation of HSC proliferation and apoptosis. MiRNA activates PI 3K/Akt signaling pathway through various target genes, and then activates HSC to promote the development of liver fibrosis. In this paper, the miRNA related to biliary atresia of liver fibrosis is summarized.
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NPC is a high incidence of malignant tumors of the head and neck, and is currently used mainly radiotherapy based, supplemented by a comprehensive treatment of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which have serious complications and serious impact on the treatment of patients and quality of life. Polyphenols are the main component of tea. Studies have shown that tea polyphenols have a significant anti-tumor effect of im proving the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, reducing radiation damage, reducing conventional chemo therapy drugs IC50 and reducing the complications of chemotherapy. Tea polyphenols in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma has also made great progress. It has a strong inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, and can greatly reduce the occurrence of xerostomia after radiotherapy, which is of important clinical research value.
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Animals , Humans , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Carcinoma , Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Radiotherapy , Polyphenols , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Radiation-Protective Agents , Pharmacology , Tea , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To explore the experimental condition for hepatocellular steatosis models of Changliver cell induced by o‐leic acid (lleic acid ,OA) .Methods Changliver cells were induced by different concentration of oleic acid for different periods .MTT was used to detect hepatic cell activity ,oil red 0 staining was used to observe intracellular lipid droplets acumulation ,glycerin 3 phosphate oxidase method was applied to detect the contents of triglyceride (TG) in the Changliver cell .Results Hepatocellular steatosis models of Changliver cell can be established successfully by 0 .2 mmol/L OA inducing for 24 hours .TG content in model cells was (379 .98 ± 23 .19)mg/g ,however ,it was (185 .03 ± 12 .68)mg/g in control cells ,the difference was statistically significant (P< 0 .01) .Conclusion The proper condition for establishing hepatocellular steatosis models is 0 .2 mmol/L OA inducing Changliver cells for 24 h .This model is the reliable choice for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease research .
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Objective To study the modulation of central amygdale (CeA)on cardiac nociception with electrical stimulation in rats.Methods The heart pain model of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was established with intrapericardial injection of capsaicin; then the evoked electromyography (EMG ) responses in the spinotrapezius (SPT)were observed as an index.Immunohistochemical method was used to observe the expression of c-fos in CeA;The rats were divided into normal control group,intrapericardial saline injection control group,and intrapericardial capsaicin injection group. The changes of EMG responses after electrical stimulation on CeA (intensity of 30μA and 70μA)were observed separately by electrophysiology in different groups.Results① Compared with normal control group, intrapericardial capsaicin injection group had significantly increased expression of c-fos in CeA.However,c-fos expression did not differ significantly between intrapericardial saline injection group and normal control group;② After 30μA electrical stimulation on CeA,EMG response in SPT significantly decreased in intrapericardial capsaicin injection group compared with that in control group;the total discharge rate was (78.58±4.62)% of that of control group (P<0.05).After 70μA electrical stimulation on CeA, the total discharge rate was (54.89±3.98)% of that of control group (P<0.05).Conclusion CeA may be involved in cardiac nociceptive transmission in rats and has inhibitory effects on the modulation of rat cardiac nociception.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effects of laminaria japonica polysaccharides(LJP) and tea polyphenols (TP) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) cells HONE1 and CNE2, and further to explore the underlying mechanism of antitumor activity of LJP on NPC cell in vivo.@*METHOD@#To identify the logarithmic growth phase of NPC cells HONE1 and CNE2 through cell growth curve and doubling time by means of MTT, then inhibition of the cells proliferation were detected with LJP and TP separately and combined. With LJP treatment, cell apoptosis of HONE1 was examined by double staining assay. A tumor model,established by subcutaneously inoculation of NPC cell HONE1 into nude mice,was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of LJP in vivo.@*RESULT@#Both LJP and TP had inhibition effect on two groups of cell proliferation, and LJP and TP combined effect of inhibition were higher than the two separate on two sets of experimental cell proliferation, whose effect was concentration-dependent. LJP could induce apoptosis of HONE1. With the increasing concentration of LJP, apoptosis rate increased. The apoptosis rate was(49.51 +/- 1. 89) % (P0. 05).@*CONCLUSION@#LJP and TP can inhibit the proliferation of NPC cells HONE1 and CNE2 respectively,and combined use has a significant effect. LJP can inhibit the growth of NPC probably by inducing apoptosis of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Carcinoma , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Laminaria , Chemistry , Mice, Nude , Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Pathology , Polyphenols , Pharmacology , Polysaccharides , Pharmacology , Tea , Chemistry , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
To investigate the protective effects and possible mechanism of pomegranate flowers polyphenols (PFP) on liver function of rats with diabetes combining non-alcoholic fat liver diseases, diabetes combining nonalcoholic fat liver disease model rats were established with high calorie feeding and small dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Model rats were randomly divided into: model group, metformin group, pomegranate flowers polyphenols low, medium and high dose group (75, 150 and 300 mg x kg(-1)). After four weeks treatment, the levels of FPG, blood fat profiles and serum insulin, ALT, AST levels, SOD and MDA in the liver and serum separately were analyzed with biochemical methods. Paraoxonase (PON1 and PON3) mRNA and protein expression in liver were checked by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical method. Pathological changes of the liver were observed. FPG, IRI, non-HDL-C and transaminase significantly reduced and HDL-C raised in the each PFP dose group; Furthermore, compared with model group, fat drops in liver cells significantly reduced, antioxidant ability enhanced, PON1 mRNA and protein expression level in liver increased significantly. The protective effects of PFP against diabetes combining non-alcoholic fat liver diseases rats might through the increase liver PON1 mRNA and protein expression further enhanced the body antioxidant capacity and reduced IRI so as to ameliorate the rat hepatic steatosis.